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Agency and initiative
The ability of children to make choices, act with purpose, and influence their environment—agency and initiative are at the heart of meaningful learning and respectful education.
In early childhood, agency shows up when children choose how to play, ask questions, solve problems, or change course. Initiative is the spark that drives them to start something new—whether it’s a block structure, a story, or a plan to help a friend. These qualities develop not through reward or instruction, but through trust, time, and space to act on one’s own ideas.
Reggio Emilia–inspired practice places deep value on agency. Children are seen as protagonists of their own learning—competent, creative, and full of potential. When adults slow down and listen, children reveal their theories, intentions, and strategies. Educators support initiative not by directing, but by observing, documenting, and offering provocations that stretch thinking without taking over.
Agency also lives in group life: in circle discussions, collaborative play, and decision-making. When children experience their voice as meaningful, they grow into learners who act with confidence, empathy, and responsibility.
Why It Matters
Supporting agency and initiative helps children develop a sense of ownership, resilience, and purpose. These are not just educational goals—they’re foundations for democratic participation and personal well-being. For families and educators, this means shifting from managing behavior to creating environments that invite choice, collaboration, and meaningful contribution.
References & Further Reading
- Malaguzzi, L. (Edwards et al.) in The Hundred Languages of Children
- Rinaldi, C. In Dialogue with Reggio Emilia
- Katz, L. & Chard, S. Engaging Children’s Minds
- Rogoff, B. The Cultural Nature of Human Development
- Harvard Project Zero: pz.harvard.edu
- NAEYC: Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Glossary
Agency – The capacity to make choices, take action, and influence one’s environment based on personal intention.
Initiative – The inner motivation to begin something, try a new idea, or take the lead in an activity or relationship.
Protagonist – A central actor or initiator in a learning experience; in Reggio philosophy, the child is seen as the protagonist of their own learning.
Provocation – A question, material, or experience offered to invite exploration and support initiative without directing the outcome.
Democratic Education – An approach that values each learner’s voice, rights, and contributions in shaping their learning environment.
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